Cairo is the capital of Egypt and one of the largest cities in Africa. It is located on the Nile River and is the largest city in the Middle East. The city has a long and rich history, dating back to the 10th century BC when it was founded by the Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom.
Cairo was an important city in the Islamic world, and it was the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate from 969 to 1171. During this period, Cairo was a major center of learning and culture, and it was home to some of the most famous Islamic scholars of the time.
In the 13th century, Cairo was conquered by the Mamluks, who made it their capital. During this period, Cairo became a major center of trade and commerce, and it was home to a large number of foreign merchants.
In the 16th century, Cairo was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and it remained under Ottoman rule until the 19th century. During this period, Cairo was a major center of culture and learning, and it was home to some of the most famous Islamic scholars of the time.
In the 20th century, Cairo was the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Middle East. It is now a major tourist destination, and it is home to some of the most famous monuments and landmarks in the world.