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England has a long and complex history, stretching back to the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century. During this period, England was divided into seven separate kingdoms, which were eventually unified by Alfred the Great in the 9th century. The Norman Conquest of 1066 saw the Normans take control of England, and the country was ruled by a series of Norman and Plantagenet kings until the Wars of the Roses in the 15th century. This period saw the rise of the Tudor dynasty, which ruled England until the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. The Stuart dynasty then took control, and the country was ruled by a series of monarchs until the Glorious Revolution of 1688. This period saw the establishment of the constitutional monarchy that still exists today. In the 18th century, England was a major power in Europe, and the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century saw the country become the world's first industrialised nation. In the 20th century, England was a major participant in both World Wars, and the country has since become a major economic and political power.